Will you get a refund or owe?
Your employer withholds federal income tax from each paycheck based on your Form W-4. When you file your return, you compare the total withheld with the tax you actually owe for the year. If more was withheld, you get the difference back as a refund. If less was withheld, you owe the rest.
Enter your income, filing status, children and the federal tax withheld so far. The calculator estimates your 2026 federal tax with the standard deduction, senior deduction and child tax credit, then shows your likely refund or amount due.
How to change your refund
- Getting a big refund? You lent the government money at 0% interest. Lower your withholding on a new W-4 to get more in each paycheck.
- Owing money? Increase withholding with step 4(c) of Form W-4, or make quarterly estimated payments if you have self-employment or investment income.
- Use the IRS Tax Withholding Estimator for a detailed check after big life changes such as marriage, a new baby or a second job.
Frequently asked questions
Will I pay a penalty if I owe taxes?
Usually not if you owe less than $1,000, or if your withholding covered at least 90% of this year's tax or 100% of last year's tax (110% if your AGI was over $150,000).
How long does a tax refund take?
The IRS issues most refunds within 21 days of accepting an e-filed return with direct deposit. Paper returns take longer.
Does this include state taxes?
No. This estimate covers federal income tax only. State refunds depend on your state's rules and withholding.